Apraxia, aphasia and dyslexia

Three different breakdowns in the same territory: producing language, planning the motor sequence that speech and writing require, and holding the structural rules that make words work.

Three systems, three failure points

Language is not held in one place. These three names describe breakdowns at three different points along it.

Temporal lobes

Auditory discrimination, segmenting, prosody and phonology, and the auditory sequential memory that holds a word together.

Parietal lobes

Morphology and semantics of language, visual sequential memory, and left-right orientation.

Prefrontal cortex

Syntax and the pragmatics of language, and the motor planning that turns an intention into a sequence.

The Magnificent 7 is the work of Dr. Lisé DeLong. Copyright © 2013, all rights reserved.

What people describe

These three get grouped together because the complaints sound alike from the outside. Inside, they load different systems.

  • Knowing the word and not being able to reach it
  • Eyes sliding off the line when reading
  • Speech that comes out in the wrong order
  • Trouble with the subtle rules of language and conversation

How we work with it

Start with an assessment

For a child, start with Developmental Milestones, whose language and perceptual-motor domains cover this ground directly. For an adult whose language changed after a stroke or injury, start with a rehabilitation consultation instead.

Then the work itself

For this presentation that usually means Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy, structured therapy after injury, illness or decline. Restorative work rebuilds what will rebuild. Compensatory work creates a route around what will not. Most people here need both.

Questions people ask

What people ask when the three names get used interchangeably and the plans turn out to be different.

Is dyslexia treated the same way as aphasia?

No, and that is the point of assessing first. They share language territory but load different systems, so the remediation plan differs even when the presenting complaint sounds similar.

Yes. Pediatric neurocognitive rehabilitation pairs clinician-led therapy with computer-assisted cognitive training and immersive virtual reality, alongside targeted work on emotional regulation and autonomic stability.

That is aphasia after acquired injury, and it is core cognitive rehabilitation work. Restorative training rebuilds what can be rebuilt; compensatory training creates a route around what cannot.

For the work between appointments

What we hand parents to use at home, sold through our storefront.

Functional Sign Language Manual

A practical signing dictionary for opening a channel with a child who is not yet speaking.

$14.95 USD

Children’s Relaxation: The Little Girl, The Dragon and The Owl

A bedtime story a child breathes along with, so the breathing is learned without being taught.

$9.95 USD

My “Lived-Experience” Journal

Handwriting reaches memory and emotional processing along pathways typing does not. Shipped inside the US.

$14.95 USD

Prices in USD, as published in the storefront. Checkout, delivery and support for anything on this shelf run through store.cognitive-connections.com.

Separate the three before treating any of them

Apraxia, aphasia and dyslexia can present almost identically and need different plans. The assessment is what tells them apart.